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| ## page was renamed from Migrated/Android | |
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| {{{#!wiki caution '''Warning: This page is still a draft and should not be distributed until this notice is gone.''' }}} |
This is a wiki page that everybody can edit. Check the [[Android|history|&action=info]] for the last authorized version. If you are a [[http://fellowship.fsfe.org|Fellow of the FSFE]] you can login right now with your usual Fellowship username and password; non-fellows can [[nowHow/FSFELife/VolunteerAccountCreation|create a guest account]]. |
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| {{attachment:android.png|Android|align=right}} <<TableOfContents(3)>> |
= Free Your Android! = |
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| Android is a [[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html|mostly free]] operating system mainly developed by Google. Unfortunately, the drivers for most devices and most applications from the "market" are non-free. This page collects information about running an Android system as free as possible and tries to coordinate these efforts. | Android is an operating system mainly developed by Google. This page collects information related to FSFE's [[http://FreeYourAndroid.org|Free Your Android Campaign]]. Please start there to get an overview. While the [[WikiPedia:Android_Open_Source_Project#Android_Open_Source_Project|Android Open Source Project (AOSP)]] is Free Software, mostly under the Apache 2.0 license, it is mostly incomplete and cannot provide a decent user experience on devices without the addition of proprietary libraries (without them you will be unable to use your phone as a phone, the GUI will be slow, GPS and camera won't work, and so on). Android is nearly never shipped as-is on devices. Vendors usually use non-free libraries together with their modified version of Android, for which they usually don't release the source code because they are not required to do so under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license, nor are the sources provided for non-free applications such as those found in the [[WikiPedia:Android_market|Android market]]. Consequently, the only source code they are required to release is that of the Linux kernel they are using, and sometimes the device is even [[WikiPedia:Tivoization|"tivoized"]]. As a result, most devices sold are running non-free software and must be liberated to give the user the freedom he/she requires. Besides all this, due to the hardware architecture of some devices using Qualcomm system-on-a-chip technology, the liberation of a device may have a very limited effect since the hardware can still spy on you: the modem (a device which communicates with the GSM infrastructure) always runs non-free software and may exert another level of control and/or surveillance over the phone. More information is available in an [[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html|article]] written by Richard Stallman. = The Operating Systems = There is some options of different operating systems. You find them below. == What about the warranty? == Some manufactures tell you that your warranty will be void when you flash a different operating system onto your Android device. FSFE's legal team [[https://fsfe.org/news/2012/news-20121106-01.en.html|published a legal opinion]], concluding that modifying or changing the software on your phone is not a sufficient reason for the vendor or manufacturer to void your statutory warranty. In this section, we are collecting experiences that people have had in claiming their warranty for phones with modified software. Record your experience here, and make life easier for those who come after you! ... please add your experience with manufacturer warranty here ... |
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| ---- /!\ '''Edit conflict - other version:''' ---- = Political Background = |
== Replicant with the Nexus S == If you have a Nexus S the more efficient way to free your device is to install Replicant on it. Replicant takes !CyanogenMod and replaces or removes the non-free libraries, shipping an Android Market alternative (named FDroid) that permits the installation of applications that are known to be Free Software. |
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| Smart-phones are small computers that we carry around all the time. Most smart-phones are not controlled by the users, but by the manufacturer and the operator. The software that runs on them is not Free Software. Even Android phones ship with non-free software and proprietary add-ons that usually do not work in the full interest of the user. Software updates will only be made available when the manufacturer still has a commercial interest in your device. The applications (apps) available from the official market are most of the time non-free. Nobody is allowed to study how they work and what they really do on your phone. Sometimes they just don't work exactly as you want, but sometimes they even contain malicious features. * proprietary add-ons like [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_IQ|Carrier IQ]] that spy on the users * apps that phone home or use Google Analytics Running only Free Software on your device puts you in full control. Even though you might not be able to directly exercise all of your freedom, you will benefit from a vibrant community that can do it together. |
The Nexus S is currently the Android phone that respects your freedom the most if used with Replicant. There are other phones that respect or promote the principles of freedom more (such as the !OpenMoko !FreeRunner) but they are not principally designed purely to run Android. |
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| === The Good === * The modem is isolated and doesn't control the sound card nor the GPS and cannot read/write to the memory accessed by the main CPU (the one running Android). It cannot access the main CPU filesystem if used with Replicant. |
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| ---- /!\ '''Edit conflict - your version:''' ---- | === The Bad === * !WiFi and Bluetooth functions depend on non-free firmware. * The bootloader is proprietary, partially signed and hard to replace. * To be able to use the modem (necessary for phone calls), firmware needs to be loaded in the modem CPU, however such firmware is already present on the storage of the phone. After the firmware is loaded, the modem cannot access the main CPU filesystem if used with Replicant. |
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| ---- /!\ '''End of edit conflict''' ---- = The Operating System = An operating system is a collection of software that enables you to use your phone. Even though Android is [[http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html|mostly free]], many phones ship with proprietary components and add-ons. Some phones also have a locked [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booting#Boot_loader|boot loader]] which prevents you from booting and installing other operating systems. If you want to buy an Android phone, make sure that the boot loader can be [[http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/?search="unlock+bootloader"|unlocked]] and that there are free versions of Android [[http://www.cyanogenmod.com/devices|supporting the device]]. |
== Replicant with the HTC Dream or the Nexus One == If you have a Qualcomm device you should consider buying a Nexus S, but if you can't you should install Replicant on it. The non-free libraries present on these phones may perform a form of surveillance or spying. Installing Replicant which replaces or removes these libraries ensures that the undesirable activities of such libraries is no longer a threat. However, the modem runs non-free software and controls your "sound card" (think about the implications of non-free software controlling your microphone), your GPS, and can read/write from/to the main CPU memory. That's why it's a second-choice solution. |
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| == Replicant OS == [[http://replicant.us/|Replicant]] is a distribution of Android that is 100% Free Software. It runs only on [[http://replicant.us/supported-phones/|a very limited number of devices]]. If you have one of these devices, then this is your choice. |
Note that the Nexus One requires firmwares for making phone calls while the HTC Dream doesn't. The Nexus One is compatible with Replicant 2.2 and 2.3 while the HTC Dream is compatible only with Replicant 2.2 and below. |
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| [[http://www.cyanogenmod.com/|CyanogenMod]] is the most popular aftermarket distribution for Android. It [[http://www.cyanogenmod.com/devices|runs on many phones]] and offers [[http://www.cyanogenmod.com/about/features|features]] not found in the official Android based firmwares of vendors. It also ships without Google applications and gives you more freedom over your device. !CyanogenMod is Free Software developed by an active community. It still requires [[https://github.com/CyanogenMod/android_device_semc_iyokan/blob/gingerbread/proprietary-files.txt|non-free device drivers and firmware]] which are [[https://github.com/CyanogenMod/android_device_semc_iyokan/blob/gingerbread/extract-files.sh|fetched from a device]] and are included in the ROM. | If you cannot buy a Nexus S and your phone is not supported by Replicant but is supported by !CyanogenMod you should consider installing !CyanogenMod, but without installing the Google applications, installing FDroid instead. This will ensure that only Free Software applications will run on top of !CyanogenMod which is partially free (it ships non-free libraries). |
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| In order to install !CyanogenMod, your device's boot loader needs to be unlocked. Some manufacturers consider your warranty void when you've unlocked its boot loader. The [[http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/wiki/Main_Page|Wiki of CyanogenMod]] contains detailed instructions on how to install it. | Note that here is a DRM provider app that you can [[http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/w/Barebones|remove]]. |
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| After the installation, your phone will be freed from all those pre-installed proprietary applications and there will be no need to connect your phone with a Google account. With the exception of some non-free device drivers, your phone should run only Free Software. If you know about non-free software added to !CyanogenMod, please let us know about it! There is a DRM provider app that you can [[http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/wiki/Barebones|remove]]. | === Non-Free Parts === |
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| !CyanogenMod includes non-free firmware which is required for most of the hardware to work. For each device these non-free files [[https://github.com/CyanogenMod/android_device_semc_iyokan/blob/gingerbread/proprietary-files.txt|are known]]. We need to help !CyanogenMod so they don't need relying to rely on non-free drivers. In the meantime, we need to ensure that at least the rest of !CyanogenMod stays free. So if you know about non-free software (except drivers and firmware) added to !CyanogenMod, please let us know about it! |
|
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| ---- /!\ '''Edit conflict - other version:''' ---- | !CyanogenMod 7 and 9 ship the [[http://clockworkmod.com/|ClockworkMod App]] that is not free. Also there seems to be a non-free flash-plugin shipped with the default browser. Since !CyanogenMod 10 they use Google Analytics for statistics and ship Google's non-free client library. CMAccount, which was added to !CyanogenMod 10.1, uses Google Cloud Messaging for server/client-communication and includes the Google Play Services client library that is proprietary. |
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| ---- /!\ '''Edit conflict - your version:''' ---- = Political Background = |
Ideally, we get !CyanogenMod to remove those non-free parts. If we don't manage, we should write some script or app that removes all those parts easily for the user. |
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| == Free Software == In order to use computers responsibly, people have to gain power over their computers. Only Free Software offers all the freedoms that are necessary to be able to control your technical devices. Unfortunately, the mobile device market has traditionally offered no totally free solutions, at least as far as you can find them for desktops and netbooks. Even simple functions are often restricted. For example, on the iPhone it is not even possible to remove the battery. |
= The Apps = |
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| == Privacy == Our mobile devices contain more personal information than most private diaries do. But proprietary systems, even most Android phones, are designed to leave the data in control of huge companies like Google or Apple. Almost no user has full control over the most personal data on her device. Instead easy solutions for synchronization and data backup attract more and more people to store even more data in centralized hands. Whoever has personal information about me is able to manipulate me. Therefore this becomes a thread to democracy and our society. Questions about privacy belong to the most important reasons to support free software in general. Every smartphone needs you to log in on a centralized account and link your phone to this account. Until now there was no way to circumvent this. The user has just to trust the company without knowing, what information is linked to this account. With a totally free mobile phone there is no need to log in to any commercial account. There is no pressure to do so (or otherwize the phone just does not work) and also the advantages of a user-account can easily be acchieved. You control your personal data, your diary remains in your possession. You can have the cake and eat it too. |
== FDroid == [[http://fdroid.org/|FDroid]] is easy to install and provides free applications. Note that it doesn't require root permissions and is very easy to install, even without the command line. |
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| ---- /!\ '''End of edit conflict''' ---- | == Apps That Still Need To Be Liberated == Please add apps here that have no free counterpart, but are important to have on a free system. People can [[https://fsfe.org/campaigns/android/help.en.html#FreeingApps|contact the authors]] of those apps and ask them why they are not Free Software. |
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| ---- /!\ '''Edit conflict - other version:''' ---- | * --('''Public Transport''' App)-- * --([[http://oeffi.schildbach.de/index.html|Öffi]] is a very popular app which builds upon a [[http://code.google.com/p/public-transport-enabler/|Free Software library]] by the same author.)-- * There is now a Free Software alternative called '''[[https://transportr.grobox.de/?utm_source=fsfe_wiki|Transportr]]''' that is still looking for contributors. * --('''Menstruation Calendar''' and Calculator)-- * There is now '''[[https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=de.arnowelzel.android.periodical|Periodical]]''' * '''All-round-Backup''' (You can only [[http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/w/Howto:_Nandroid_Backup|backup your entire flash]] with !CyanogenMod's bootloader or use [[http://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdfilter=backup|apps]] that backup only some data) * There is now also '''[[https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdid=dk.jens.backup|oandbackup]]''' that can backup your apps. * '''GSM-Hacking''' * something like [[http://www.silentservices.de/products/android-hushsms/|HushSMS]] which is non-free. * '''Special Keyboard''' * missing a Keyboard with lager keys like [[https://www.exideas.com/ME/downloadsAndroid.php|MessagEase]] * '''slow Network Browser''' * missing a browser for slow mobile networks with an turbo mode like [[http://www.opera.com/mobile/mini/android|Opera Mini]] or [[https://browser.yandex.com/mobile/?lang=en|Yandex.Browser]] * '''Car Sharing Map''' * missing a car sharing map like [[https://mymobilitymap.de/mobile|Mobility Map]] * '''App for [[http://dict.cc|dict.cc]]''' * at the moment, there is no foss app to use the great dictionary from [[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=cc.dict.dictcc|dict.cc on playstore]] * But there's [[https://f-droid.org/repository/browse/?fdfilter=dict&fdid=com.hughes.android.dictionary&fdpage=2|QuickDic]] * Missing an '''download manager/accelerator''' for Android * '''Unified Network Location Provider''' * [[https://github.com/microg/android_packages_apps_UnifiedNlp/blob/master/README.md|MicroG UnifiedNlp]] |
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| ---- /!\ '''Edit conflict - your version:''' ---- ---- /!\ '''End of edit conflict''' ---- = The Apps = For most people, the [[https://market.android.com/|Google Android Market]] is the only or the main source for their applications. It doesn't even tell you whether an app is Free Software or not, let alone its license. Unfortunately, most apps from this or other markets are proprietary. Even if you install a Free Software app, there is no reason to trust the downloaded binary. Using the Google Market also requires a Google account. It is recommended to not use this market at all. == F-Droid == {{attachment:fdroidlogo.jpg|F-Droid|align=right}} The [[http://f-droid.org/|FDroid initiative]] was started to change the sad Free Software app situation in the Android world. It builds a repository of easily-installable Free Software for the Android platform. There is an Android client application that makes it easy to browse Free Software applications, install them onto your device, and keep track of updates. When available it includes information about how to donate money to the authors of the app. The FDroid repository contains details of multiple versions of each application. You can also easily create and add own repositories. But since the initiative is [[https://gitorious.org/f-droid/fdroidserver|very active]], developing in a decentralized fashion and open to collaboration, creating own repositories it not really necessary. Its goal is to include all useful Free Software Android applications and to keep up with their updates. === Adding Apps Yourself === You are encouraged to add applications yourself. There is a long queue of [[http://f-droid.org/forums/forum/submission-queue/|applications that wait to be added]]. Adding them works similar to [[http://www.freebsd.org/ports/index.html|FreeBSD ports]] and [[http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/devrel/handbook/handbook.xml?part=2&chap=1#doc_chap2|gentoo ebuilds]] by filling a simple recipe file which controls how a package is build from source. If you like to add apps yourself, you should read about [[http://f-droid.org/forums/topic/adding-apps-with-git/|how FDroid works with git]] and [[https://gitorious.org/f-droid/fdroidserver/blobs/master/README|how to write these so called metadata files]]. === Synchronizing Your Data === When you run only Free Software and when you do not rely on non-free network services like the ones Google offers, you lose the convenience of synchronizing your contacts, your calender and other data with your other devices. Fortunately, there is plenty of Free Software that does this job as well: * [[http://acal.me/|ACal]] synchronizes your Android addressbook and calendar to [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CalDAV|CalDAV]]/[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CardDAV|CardDAV]] servers like [[http://owncloud.org/|ownCloud]]. * [[https://code.google.com/p/kolab-android/|kolab-android]] synchronizes your Android addressbook and calendar to [[http://www.kolab.org/|Kolab]]/IMAP folders. * [[http://wiki.cyanogenmod.com/wiki/Howto:_Connect_to_Device_with_SSH|SSH Daemon dropbear]] is pre-installed on !CyanogenMod can be used to e.g. run [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync|rsync]]. == Freeing Non-Free Apps == Unfortunately, there are still some applications that do not have a free alternative. To use the proprietary app is a bad idea; it takes away your freedom. In addition, if you settle into using the non-free program, you won't feel the need for it to be free. Even if you don't know how to program, you can contact the authors of crucial apps and ask them politely for their reasons of not publishing their application as Free Software. Many apps are available without payments, so money is not always the dominating reason. Sometimes one email can make a difference and there have already been successful attempts: [[https://market.android.com/details?id=cz.hejl.chesswalk|Chess Walk]] for example is now [[https://gitorious.org/chesswalk/chesswalk|liberated]]. === Apps That Need To Be Liberated === Please add apps here that have no free counterpart, but are important to have on a free system. People can contact the authors of those apps and ask them why they are not Free Software. * [[http://oeffi.schildbach.de/index.html|Öffi]] is a public transport app which builds upon a [[http://code.google.com/p/public-transport-enabler/|Free Software library]] by the same author. |
|
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| Only when we understand the motivation of programmers who keep their apps proprietary, we know what needs to be changed in order to change their minds and to convince them of liberating their own app. Please contribute your experiences with developers of non-free apps here and share useful responses to their objections. | |
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| * [need to be found by asking people, please add here] | We already collected objections and responses on [[https://fsfe.org/campaigns/android/help.en.html#id-responses-to-objections-weve-heard-from-app-developers|FSFE's Free Your Android Campaign]]. If you know more, please add them here. * [please add here] = Development = Here, we collect free alternatives to resources that can be important for Android development such as free replacements for important proprietary libraries. == Google Play Services == === Location APIs === * [[https://mapzen.com/blog/open-source-location-services-with-lost/|Mapzen Lost]] === Maps === * [[https://github.com/osmdroid/osmdroid|OsmDroid]] * [[https://www.mapbox.com/android-sdk/|Mapbox Android SDK]] * [[https://mapzen.com/documentation/android/|Mapzen Android SDK]] === Service Core (GmsCore) === * [[https://github.com/microg/android_packages_apps_GmsCore/wiki|MicroG GmsCore]] === Services Framework Proxy (GsfProxy) === * [[https://github.com/microg/android_packages_apps_GmsCore/wiki|MicroG GmsCore]] ---- Portions of this page are modifications based on work created and shared by Google and used according to terms described in the [[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/|Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License]]. Android is a trademark of Google Inc. ---- [[Category/Activities]] |
This is a wiki page that everybody can edit. Check the history for the last authorized version. If you are a Fellow of the FSFE you can login right now with your usual Fellowship username and password; non-fellows can create a guest account.
Free Your Android!
Android is an operating system mainly developed by Google. This page collects information related to FSFE's Free Your Android Campaign. Please start there to get an overview.
While the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is Free Software, mostly under the Apache 2.0 license, it is mostly incomplete and cannot provide a decent user experience on devices without the addition of proprietary libraries (without them you will be unable to use your phone as a phone, the GUI will be slow, GPS and camera won't work, and so on). Android is nearly never shipped as-is on devices.
Vendors usually use non-free libraries together with their modified version of Android, for which they usually don't release the source code because they are not required to do so under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license, nor are the sources provided for non-free applications such as those found in the Android market. Consequently, the only source code they are required to release is that of the Linux kernel they are using, and sometimes the device is even "tivoized". As a result, most devices sold are running non-free software and must be liberated to give the user the freedom he/she requires.
Besides all this, due to the hardware architecture of some devices using Qualcomm system-on-a-chip technology, the liberation of a device may have a very limited effect since the hardware can still spy on you: the modem (a device which communicates with the GSM infrastructure) always runs non-free software and may exert another level of control and/or surveillance over the phone.
More information is available in an article written by Richard Stallman.
The Operating Systems
There is some options of different operating systems. You find them below.
What about the warranty?
Some manufactures tell you that your warranty will be void when you flash a different operating system onto your Android device. FSFE's legal team published a legal opinion, concluding that modifying or changing the software on your phone is not a sufficient reason for the vendor or manufacturer to void your statutory warranty.
In this section, we are collecting experiences that people have had in claiming their warranty for phones with modified software. Record your experience here, and make life easier for those who come after you!
... please add your experience with manufacturer warranty here ...
Replicant with the Nexus S
If you have a Nexus S the more efficient way to free your device is to install Replicant on it. Replicant takes CyanogenMod and replaces or removes the non-free libraries, shipping an Android Market alternative (named FDroid) that permits the installation of applications that are known to be Free Software.
The Nexus S is currently the Android phone that respects your freedom the most if used with Replicant. There are other phones that respect or promote the principles of freedom more (such as the OpenMoko FreeRunner) but they are not principally designed purely to run Android.
The Good
- The modem is isolated and doesn't control the sound card nor the GPS and cannot read/write to the memory accessed by the main CPU (the one running Android). It cannot access the main CPU filesystem if used with Replicant.
The Bad
WiFi and Bluetooth functions depend on non-free firmware.
- The bootloader is proprietary, partially signed and hard to replace.
- To be able to use the modem (necessary for phone calls), firmware needs to be loaded in the modem CPU, however such firmware is already present on the storage of the phone. After the firmware is loaded, the modem cannot access the main CPU filesystem if used with Replicant.
Replicant with the HTC Dream or the Nexus One
If you have a Qualcomm device you should consider buying a Nexus S, but if you can't you should install Replicant on it. The non-free libraries present on these phones may perform a form of surveillance or spying. Installing Replicant which replaces or removes these libraries ensures that the undesirable activities of such libraries is no longer a threat. However, the modem runs non-free software and controls your "sound card" (think about the implications of non-free software controlling your microphone), your GPS, and can read/write from/to the main CPU memory. That's why it's a second-choice solution.
Note that the Nexus One requires firmwares for making phone calls while the HTC Dream doesn't.
The Nexus One is compatible with Replicant 2.2 and 2.3 while the HTC Dream is compatible only with Replicant 2.2 and below.
CyanogenMod
If you cannot buy a Nexus S and your phone is not supported by Replicant but is supported by CyanogenMod you should consider installing CyanogenMod, but without installing the Google applications, installing FDroid instead. This will ensure that only Free Software applications will run on top of CyanogenMod which is partially free (it ships non-free libraries).
Note that here is a DRM provider app that you can remove.
Non-Free Parts
CyanogenMod includes non-free firmware which is required for most of the hardware to work. For each device these non-free files are known. We need to help CyanogenMod so they don't need relying to rely on non-free drivers. In the meantime, we need to ensure that at least the rest of CyanogenMod stays free. So if you know about non-free software (except drivers and firmware) added to CyanogenMod, please let us know about it!
CyanogenMod 7 and 9 ship the ClockworkMod App that is not free. Also there seems to be a non-free flash-plugin shipped with the default browser. Since CyanogenMod 10 they use Google Analytics for statistics and ship Google's non-free client library. CMAccount, which was added to CyanogenMod 10.1, uses Google Cloud Messaging for server/client-communication and includes the Google Play Services client library that is proprietary.
Ideally, we get CyanogenMod to remove those non-free parts. If we don't manage, we should write some script or app that removes all those parts easily for the user.
The Apps
FDroid
FDroid is easy to install and provides free applications. Note that it doesn't require root permissions and is very easy to install, even without the command line.
Apps That Still Need To Be Liberated
Please add apps here that have no free counterpart, but are important to have on a free system. People can contact the authors of those apps and ask them why they are not Free Software.
Public Transport App
Öffi is a very popular app which builds upon a Free Software library by the same author.
There is now a Free Software alternative called Transportr that is still looking for contributors.
Menstruation Calendar and Calculator
There is now Periodical
All-round-Backup (You can only backup your entire flash with CyanogenMod's bootloader or use apps that backup only some data)
There is now also oandbackup that can backup your apps.
GSM-Hacking
something like HushSMS which is non-free.
Special Keyboard
missing a Keyboard with lager keys like MessagEase
slow Network Browser
missing a browser for slow mobile networks with an turbo mode like Opera Mini or Yandex.Browser
Car Sharing Map
missing a car sharing map like Mobility Map
App for dict.cc
at the moment, there is no foss app to use the great dictionary from dict.cc on playstore
But there's QuickDic
Missing an download manager/accelerator for Android
Unified Network Location Provider
- [please add your candidates here]
Responses to Objections We've Heard from App Developers
We already collected objections and responses on FSFE's Free Your Android Campaign. If you know more, please add them here.
- [please add here]
Development
Here, we collect free alternatives to resources that can be important for Android development such as free replacements for important proprietary libraries.
Google Play Services
Location APIs
Maps
Service Core (GmsCore)
Services Framework Proxy (GsfProxy)
Portions of this page are modifications based on work created and shared by Google and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License. Android is a trademark of Google Inc.